Potso e ka ba le likarabo tse 'maloa, tse khahlisang haholo batho ba rerileng ho tseba naha ena e khahlisang.
Mefuta-futa le megadiversity ke eng?
Ho hlakisa seo re se bolelang ka mefuta-futa, ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ho qala ho hlakisa hore na phapang ke eng. Bukantswe ea Royal Spanish Academy e hlalosa lentsoe "Mefuta-futa" e le "Mefuta-futa, ho se tšoane, phapang" hape e le "Bongata, palo e kholo ea lintho tse fapaneng"
Ka tsela ena, ha ho buuoa ka phapano ea naha, ho ka buuoa ka karolo efe kapa efe ea tlhaho ea eona, lisebelisoa tsa batho, kapa setso sa eona. Mme "mefuta-futa" ka ho hlakileng e ne e tla ba phapang ho isa tekanyong e phahameng haholo kapa e kholo.
Leha ho le joalo, mohopolo oa mefuta-futa o sebelisoa haholo ho supa libopuoa, kapa "biodiversity" mme ntle le pelaelo lefapheng lena Mexico ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tsa pele lefatšeng.
Mexico e maemong a holimo lefatšeng a 5 har'a linaha tse nang le palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea mefuta ea limela, liphoofolo tse anyesang, lihahabi le li-amphibian, e maemong a bo11 ho linonyana.
Empa ha ho buuoa ka phapano ea Mexico, likarolo tse ling tseo naha e nang le tsona li fapaneng ebile li kholo haholo li ke keng tsa hlokomolohuoa, joalo ka libaka tsa naha, moo ho nang le mabopo a malelele maoatleng a mabeli a maholohali lefatšeng, lihlekehleke. , merung, lithaba, lithaba tse foqohang seretse se chesang, lithaba tse nang le lehloa, mahoatata, linōka, liphula le lithota.
Libaka tse ling moo Mexico e nang le phapang e kholo kapa e kholo ke maemo a leholimo, merabe, lipuo, litloaelo tsa setso, lipontšo tsa setso le gastronomy, ho bolela tse ling tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.
Mefuta-futa ea mefuta-futa ea Mexico
Mexico e maemong a bohlano lefatšeng ka limela tsa methapo (tse nang le metso, kutu le makhasi), ka mefuta e 23,424 e ngolisitsoeng, e fetang feela Brazil, Colombia, China le Indonesia.
Ka mefuta ea eona e lihahabi e 864, Mexico ke ea bobeli boemong ba lefatše, sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse nang le mefuta-futa ea tsona e kholo ka ho fetisisa Australia, e nang le mefuta e 880.
Ho liphoofolo tse anyesang, sehlopha se "phahametseng" sa lintho tse phelang tseo batho ba kenang ho tsona, Mexico e na le mefuta e 564, palo e etelletseng naha pele ho khau ea boronse ea polanete, sehlopha seo khauta e leng Indonesia le silevera bakeng sa Brazil .
Ho li-amphibian, naha ea leqhoa le tahiloeng kapa lehlaka la Mexico le phunyang, le na le mefuta e 376, eo e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa boemo ba bohlano lefatšeng. Ka sehlopheng sena, ba bane ba holimo lenaneng ke Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador le Peru.
Mefuta-futa ena ea mebuso e khethoa ke lintlha tse ngata, le pele ho nalane ea nalane. Mexico e atlehile ho boloka karolo e ntle ea liphoofolo le limela tsa lik'honthinente tse peli tse arohaneng, Amerika Leboea le Amerika Boroa.
Mexico ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tse 3 tse nang le meeli e meholo e nang le mabopo a Atlantic le Pacific; tse ling tse peli ke Colombia le United States.
Boholo ba sebaka sa Mexico se sebakeng sa Intertropical Zone, seo maemo a sona a thusang mefuta-futa ea limela.
Ehlile, boholo ba naha le bona bo amana le eona mme Mexico, e ka bang lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse limilione tse peli, e maemong a bo14 sebakeng seo.
Megabiodiversity e ikhethang, e nang le chelete e ngata ebile e kotsing
Mefuteng ea mefuta-futa ea Mexico ho na le mefuta e metle e nontšang tikoloho ea lefatše le ho etsa lintho tse hohelang bohahlauli ba gastronomic le ho shebella tlhaho.
Ho kenyelletsa limela tse nang le methapo le methapo (algae, mosses le tse ling), Mexico ho na le mefuta e hlalositsoeng ea 26,495, ho kenyeletsoa li-fern tse ntle, lihlahla, lifate, limela tsa lipalesa, lipalema, litlama, joang le tse ling.
Baahi ba 'maloa ba Mexico ba na le karolo ea mekhoa ea bona ea bohahlauli le moruo oa bona ka lebaka la ho khetholloa ka semela kapa litholoana tse ling le lihlahisoa tsa eona. Valle de Guadalupe e nang le morara o motle, Zacatlán ka apole, Calvillo le guava, Uruapan le avocado, batho ba bang ba matsoalloa a nang le li-mushroom tse hallucinogenic le litoropo tse 'maloa tse nang le lipalesa tse ntle tsa lipalesa.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho shebella liphoofolo ho hohela bahahlauli libakeng tse 'maloa tsa Mexico. Mohlala, ho bonoa ha serurubele sa monarch ho la Michoacán, maruarua haufi le Hloahloeng ea Baja California le ho shebeloa ha li-dolphin, likolopata, litau tsa leoatle le mefuta e meng libakeng tse ngata.
Ho ba le leruo la tlhaho le hona ho tlisa boikarabello polaneteng. Ha u e-na le ho eketsehileng, u lokela ho hlokomela le ho feta le ho feta.
Har'a linonyana tse sa tloaelehang tsa Mexico tse sokeloang kapa tse kotsing ea ho timela ke turkey e bonohileng, mokoko oa thota, parama ea Tamaulipas, ntsu ea harpy le condor ea California.
Lethathamo la liphoofolo tse anyesang le kenyelletsa liphoofolo tsa bohlokoa joalo ka lengau, tigrillo, mmutla o foqohang seretse se chesang, tšoene ea sekho le toeba ea Chihuahua. Ho ka etsoa lethathamo le tšoanang le liphoofolo tse phelang metsing, lihahabi le mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo.
Mefuta-futa ea merabe
Ho na le merabe e 62 naheng ea Mexico mme e ka ba tse ling tse ngata haeba mafu a tšoaetsanoang le tlhekefetso ka lebaka la khapo ea Spain ha li a ka tsa tima tse 'maloa tsa tsona.
Merabe e atlehileng ho phela e bolokile lipuo tsa bona, litloaelo, litloaelo, mokhatlo oa sechaba, setso, 'mino, bonono, mesebetsi ea matsoho, gastronomy, liaparo le moetlo.
Tse ling tsa litekanyo tse fetileng li ne li bolokiloe li le haufi le tsa tšimoloho mme tse ling li ne li tsoakane le ho matlafatsoa le setso sa Masepanishe le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa setso tsa morao-rao.
Har'a merabe ea matsoalloa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa Mexico kajeno ke Mayaya, Purépechas, Rrámuris kapa Tarahumara, Mixes, Huichols, Tzotziles le Coras.
Tse ling tsa merabe ena li ne li lula ka thoko kapa li le thoko, li etsa mesebetsi ea boipheliso haholo-holo ho bokella; ba bang ba thehile merabe, ba haha metse le litoropo ka matlo a bolulo, 'me ba etsa temo le temo; mme ba tswetseng pele haholo ba ile ba kgona ho aha metse ya baahi ba mashome a dikete, e leng se ileng sa makatsa bahlodi ha ba fihla.
Mexico hona joale ho na le matsoalloa a fetang limilione tse 15 a matsoalloa a lulang 20% ea sebaka sa naha.
Batho ba matsoalloa a naha ena ba ntse ba loanela ho fumana kananelo e felletseng ho tsoa ho bao e seng matsoalloa a habo bona, kamora ho hlorisoa ke bahloli le lintoa le ho se lumellane le batho ba bona ba Mexico ka makholo a lilemo.
E 'ngoe ea mehato e tseleng e nepahetseng e bile ho kopanya sechaba sa matsoalloa ts'ebelisong e ts'oarellang ea bahahlauli ea libaka tseo ba leng ho tsona.
Mexico ke naha ea bobeli lefatšeng ho kopanya merabe ea eona e thehileng ts'ireletso le taolo ea tikoloho ea naha.
Mefuta-futa ea lipuo
Mefuta-futa ea lipuo tsa Mexico e tsoa mefuteng e meholo ea merabe. Hona joale, Mexico ho buuoa lipuo tse fetang 60 ntle le Sepanish, ntle le ho nahana ka mefuta e fetang 360 ea puo ea mantlha.
Mexico ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tse 10 tse nang le puo e fapaneng ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng, hammoho le linaha tse ling tse tsebahalang ka borui ba morabe, joalo ka Brazil, India, Indonesia, Australia, Nigeria le linaha tse ling tsa 4 tsa Afrika.
Joalo ka phatlalatso ea 2003 ea Molao o Akaretsang oa Litokelo tsa Puo ea Matsoalloa, lipuo tsa matsoalloa le Sepanishe li phatlalalitsoe e le "lipuo tsa naha", tse nang le matla a tšoanang ho pholletsa le sebaka sa Mexico.
Ho makatsang ke hore sepheo sa ho hapa batho ba matsoalloa a lehae ka ho ba hula ka setlamo kapa ka bolotsana e ne e le se setle.
Baromuoa le litsebi tse ngata tsa Spain ba ile ba iqobella ho ithuta lipuo tsa matsoalloa a bona ho itlhalosa hantle le Maindia. Libuka tse hlalosang mantsoe, melao-puo le lingoliloeng tse ling li hlahile mohatong oo oa ho ithuta o thusitseng ho boloka puo ea Maindia.
Kahoo, lipuo tsa matsoalloa a Mexico tse kang Nahuatl, Mayan, Mixtec, Otomí le Purépecha, li ile tsa sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele lentsoeng le hatisitsoeng le nang le litlhaku tsa Selatine.
Boemong ba naha, lipuo tse peli ha li amoheloe ka molao Mexico: Sepanishe le Senahuatl. Senahuatl se buuoa ke batho ba limilione tse 1.73, Yucatec Mayan ke batho ba fetang 850 000, Mixtec le Tzeltal ba fetang 500 000, Zapotec le Tzotzil ba ka bang 500 000.
Megadiversity ea libaka
Mexico e na le mabopo a lik'honthinente tse 9330 lebopong la leoatle la Atlantic le la Pacific, ho kenyeletsoa le khubung ena e batlang e le leoatle le ka hare ho naha, Kou ea California kapa Leoatle la Cortez. Ho eketsa lebopo la eona, Mexico e feta Amerika feela ka Canada.
Ho fihla lik'hilomithara tse 1,96 milione tsa k'honthinente, Mexico e na le libaka tse fetang likete tse 7 tsa libaka tse kantle. Har'a mekhatlo e 32 ea koporasi ea Mexico, tse 16 li na le lihlekehleke tsa leoatle.
Rephabliki ea Mexico e na le lihlekehleke le lihlekehleke tse fetang 2 100, tse kholo ka ho fetisisa e le Isla Tiburon, Koung ea California, e nang le li-kilometara tse 1 200. Baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa le ba amohelang bahahlauli ba bangata ke Cozumel le Isla Mujeres, libakeng tsa Mexico tsa Caribbean.
Ho hakanngoa hore Mexico e ne e na le meru e fetang lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse likete tse 250, tse fokotsoang ho feta tse likete tse 40 ka lebaka la meru e sa utloahaleng, temo le merafo.
Leha ho le joalo, ho na le moru o mongata o setseng Mexico, joalo ka Lacandon Jungle seterekeng se ka boroa sa Chiapas, sa lihekthere tse ka bang milone e le 'ngoe, e leng lehae la karolo e ntle ea mefuta-futa ea limela le metsi.
Ka lehlakoreng le emeng, Mexico le eona e telele ebile e fapane, e na le lithaba tse tharo tse foqohang seretse se chesang kapa tse koahetsoeng ke lehloa tse fetang limithara tse 5 000 kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, e etelletsoeng pele ke Pico de Orizaba, le tse ling tse 6 ka litlhoro tsa tsona tse fetang limithara tse 4,000 kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, hammoho le bongata ba lithaba tse nyane.
Mahoatata a Mexico ke lintho tse ling tse ngata tse hlollang, tse tsotehang le tse fapa-fapaneng. Libaka tse litšila tsa naha li etelletsoe pele ke Lehoatata la Chihuahuan, leo le le arolelanang le United States. Lehoatateng la Chihuahuan feela ho na le mefuta e 350 ea cactus. Lefeella le leng le letle la Mexico ke la Sonora.
Ho tse kaholimo, re tlameha ho kenya letsoho ho fapakaneng ha matša, lihlekehleke tsa matša, linoka, li-savanna le libaka tse ling tsa tlhaho, ho phethela megadiversity ea Mexico.
Mefuta-futa ea maemo a leholimo
Ka nako e ts'oanang ea letsatsi lefe kapa lefe, ho kanna ha ba le batho ba Mexico ba besitsoeng mochesong lehoatateng le ka leboea, ba natefeloa ke boemo ba leholimo ba selemo toropong e bohareng ba Altiplano, kapa ba thothomela serameng sa Monte Real kapa libakeng tse phahameng tsa thaba e lehloa.
Letsatsing lona leo, mohahlauli oa Mexico kapa ea tsoang kantle ho naha a kanna a fufuleloa haholo a natefeloa ke SUV ka potoloho ea lehoatata Baja California, ha e mong a ntse a fofa ka mofuthu Coahuila mme oa boraro a le ka har'a sese e 'ngoe ea mabopo a futhumetseng le a paradeise a Riviera Maya kapa Riviera Nayarit.
Phomolo le maoatle li na le tšusumetso ea makhaola-khang ho feto-fetoha ha boemo ba leholimo ba Mexico, le libaka tse haufi, empa li le bophahamong bo fapaneng, li na le maemo a leholimo a fapaneng haholo.
Ka leboea ho naha, moo ho nang le mahoatata a maholo, boemo ba leholimo bo omme haholo, hoa chesa motšehare ebile bosiu ho pholile.
Boholo ba libaka tse bohareng le bohareng ba leboea li na le maemo a leholimo a omileng, ka lithemparetjha tse mahareng tsa selemo le selemo lipakeng tsa 22 le 26 ° C.
Lithoteng tse lebopong la Leoatle la Mexico le Pacific, Hloahloa ea Yucatan, Isthmus ea Tehuantepec le Chiapas, tikoloho e mongobo ebile e mongobo.
Mefuta-futa ea setso
Setso se na le libaka tse se nang palo; ho tloha temong ho isa ho penta, ho tants'a le ho pheheng; ho tloha ho tsoalaneng ho ea ho indasteri, ka 'mino le thuto ea khale ea khale.
Mexico e boetse e fapane haholo kapa e fapane haholo mekhoeng e fetileng ea setso mme e ka ba ho sa feleng ho bua ka eona kaofela. Ha re nkeng mohlala oa bobeli, motjeko le gastronomy, ka bobeli kamoo li khahlisang, le molemong oa bona oa bohahlauli.
Metjeko e mengata ea Mexico le lipontšo tse fapaneng tsa folkloric li tsoa mehleng ea pele ho Sepanishe, 'me tse ling li simolohile kapa tsa holisoa ka ho kopanya setso le MaEuropa le litso tse latelang.
Rito de los Voladores de Papantla, lenaneo le tloaelehileng la motjeko le hohelang bahahlauli ba etelang Mexico, ha lea fetoha ho tloha mehleng ea pele ho Columbian.
Jarabe tapatío, motjeko oa setso oa Mexico o tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, o tsoa mehleng ea Phetohelo ea Mexico phetolelong ea eona ea sejoale-joale, empa e na le nalane ea mehleng ea bokolone.
Chiapas, Los Parachicos, ponahatso ea nako ea bahanyetsi ba nang le likhopotso tsa pele ho Columbian, ke eona ntho e hohelang La Fiesta Grande de Chiapa de Corzo.
Son Huasteco le Zapateado ea eona, e leng letšoao la Setereke sa Huasteca, ke tsa morao tjena, ho tloha ha e hlaha lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ka tšusumetso ea matsoalloa, Spain le Maafrika.
Metjeko ena kaofela e hokahane le morethetho o bapaloang ka mefuta e mengata ea liletsa tsa 'mino tsa pele ho Sepanishe le tse tlisitsoeng ke Maspanishe le litso tse ling tsa morao.
Mexico e etelletse pele batho ba Amerika ka boithabiso le ho fapana ha lipolelo tsa eona tsa setso.
Megadiversity ea gastronomic
Ke mang ea sa rateng barbecue ea setaele sa Mexico? Mokhoa oa ho pheha nama, ho e kenya ka sekoting se koahetsoeng ka makhasi a maguey mme o futhumetse ka majoe a chesang a seretse se chesang, e supa linako tsa baemphera ba Maaztec pele ho kolone. Baahi ba moo ba khabisitsoe ka likhama le linonyana; pheleu e tlisitsoe ke Masepanishe.
Kua Yucatán, Ma-Mayan e ne e le bo-pula-maliboho ba ho theha lisoso, haholoholo ka pepere ea habanero, e sebetsang hantle haholo tikolohong eo. Li-sauces tsena li ne li tsamaea le nama ea papali e fapaneng, joalo ka nama ea likhama, kolobe ea morung, pheasant le squirrel, hammoho le litlhapi le likhetla. Cochinita pibil e tummeng e ile ea tlameha ho emela hore Masepanishe a hlahise kolobe ea Iberia.
Mole poblano, letshwao le leng la Mexico la gastronomic, e ne e le moqapi oa Maaztec o neng o sa tlameha ho emela nama e tsoang kantle ho naha, hobane ho tloha qalong mongobo o rarahaneng o ne o kopantsoe le Turkey kapa turkey ea lapeng.
Taco e tummeng e ka ba le litlatsetso tse ngata, tsa khale kapa tsa sejoale-joale, empa karolo ea bohlokoa ke tortilla ea poone ea pele ho Masepanishe.
Linaheng tse thata tse ka leboea, ba ha Rrámuris ba ile ba ithuta ho ja ntho e ngoe le e ngoe eo ba e fumanang ho tsoa naheng, ho kenyeletsoa li-mushroom, metso, liboko, esita le likhoto.
Haufinyane le litoropong ke Sesare Salad ea bokahohleng, e entsoeng Tijuana lilemong tsa bo-1920 le Margarita Cocktail ea tšoantšetso, e 'ngoe e entsoeng Baja California ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1940.
Ntle ho pelaelo, bonono bo boholo ba Mexico ba ho pheha bo ka khahlisa ka ho felletseng mahalapa a khale le ba batlang liphihlelo tse ncha tsa boikoetliso.
Ho thata ho nahana ka naha e nang le metsamao e meholo ho feta Mexico!
