Mexico ke naha e nang le leruo la tlhaho leo ka linako tse ling ho leng thata ho le lumela; mohlala, ho nka feela metsotso e mashome a mahlano tseleng ho tloha maemong a leholimo a nang le lehloa le sa feleng, ho ea libakeng tsa tropike, ka limela tsohle tsa eona tse tlokomang!
Mofuta ona o tsotehang oa maemo a leholimo, liphoofolo le limela tse lulang naheng ea rona li bakoa haholo ke lisosa tse peli: sa pele, hore sebaka sa rona se sebakeng sa phetoho lipakeng tsa libaka tsa tropike le lehoatata tsa polanete; Ea bobeli ke hore Mexico e na le jeokrafi e matsutla-tsutla, hoo bophahamo bo bong le bo bong, phula e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, thaba kapa khohlo e hlahisang maemo a ikhethileng a leholimo, a khothalletsang nts'etsopele ea libaka tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho, ho tloha merung ea tropike ho isa mahoatateng le merung kapa merung e metle. li-conifers; Tsena tsohle ntle ho pelaelo li kenya letsoho ho theheng boholo ba sechaba sa rona se setle.
Mexico ke naha e nang le leruo la tlhaho leo ka linako tse ling ho leng thata ho le lumela; mohlala, ho nka feela metsotso e mashome a mahlano tseleng ho tloha maemong a leholimo a nang le lehloa le sa feleng, ho ea libakeng tsa tropike, ka limela tsohle tsa eona tse tlokomang! Mofuta ona o tsotehang oa maemo a leholimo, liphoofolo le limela tse lulang naheng ea rona li bakoa haholo ke lisosa tse peli: sa pele, hore sebaka sa rona se sebakeng sa phetoho lipakeng tsa libaka tsa tropike le lehoatata tsa polanete; Ea bobeli ke hore Mexico e na le jeokrafi e matsutla-tsutla, hoo bophahamo bo bong le bo bong, phula e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, thaba kapa khohlo e hlahisang maemo a ikhethileng a leholimo, a khothalletsang nts'etsopele ea libaka tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho, ho tloha merung ea tropike ho isa mahoatateng le merung kapa merung e metle. kholofelo; Tsena tsohle li kenya letsoho, ntle ho pelaelo, ho theha boholo ba sechaba sa rona se setle.
Moru oa pula
E tsejoang hape e le moru oa tropike, moru o lulang o le motala kapa moru o lulang o le motala, ke tikoloho ea lefats'e e nang le mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng lefatšeng ka bophara, kaha ka khilomitara e le 'ngoe e ka ba le mefuta e mengata ea limela le liphoofolo ho feta eo e leng lehae la linaha tse ngata tsa Europe.
Ka lebaka la maemo a mongobo o phahameng le lithemparetjha tse kaholimo ho 22 ° C tse renang kahara morung, le bophahamong bo phallang lipakeng tsa bophahamo ba leoatle le 1,200 m, palo e makatsang le phapang ea limela, mohloli oa lijo bakeng sa palo e makatsang ea liphoofolo, li-fungus, libaktheria le mefuta e meng e mengata ea bophelo e phelang morung.
Ho ea morung oa pula ke boiphihlelo bo sa tloaelehang. Ho hahlaula morung o ka tlas'a moriti ho re boloka re maketse, 'me ho re lumella, ho etsa mohlala, ho khahloa ke lifate tsa khale tsa libaka tse phahameng haholo, tse fanang ka maikutlo a ho ama leholimo; ka linako tsohle ho utloahala melumo, li-squaw, screeches le pina ea linonyana tse likete tse lulang meqhaka. Tsena tsohle, hammoho, li re fa maikutlo a ikhethileng le a tiileng a hore re pota-potiloe ke bophelo ka botlalo.
Sebaka: Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Puebla le San Luis Potosí.
Moru o omeletseng
E boetse e tsejoa e le moru o ommeng oa tropike, moru oa pula o mabalane ke tikoloho e nang le mefuta-futa e mengata ea limela. E thehiloe ho tloha bophahamong ba leoatle ho isa ho 1,900 m ea bophahamo, mme hangata e kopantsoe le likaroloana tse nyane tsa morung o phahameng, haholo-holo likhohlong. E na le tlelaemete e futhumetseng selemo ho pota, ekasitana le nako ea komello e etsang hore lifate li se fihle bophahamong bo boholo le ho lahleheloa ke makhasi, ka lebaka la khaello ea metsi. Ha e bonoa e le hole, tikoloho ena e re thabisa ka melumo ea eona e mosehla e mosehla, ea ocher le e bofubelu, e fapanyetsanoang le meroho le mefuta e mengata ea lifate tse lulang ho eona; Ha mefuta e fapaneng ea lifate e le nyane mme mefuta e nang le meutloa e busa, e bitsoa moru o meutloa.
Morung o tlase hoa khoneha ho fumana phapang e kholo ea tikoloho le liphoofolo e ikamahantsoeng le khaello ea pula e etsahalang nakong ea likhoeli tse 'ne ho isa ho tse tšeletseng tsa metsi a tlase; Kahoo re fumana mefuta e mengata haholo ea linonyana, liphoofolo tse anyesang, likokoanyana, lihahabi le liphoofolo tse phelang metsing, har'a tse ling, le hore, joalo ka litsing tsohle tsa tikoloho, ho hlokahala hore re be le mamello hanyane le kutloisiso e ntle ho tseba ho khahloa ke libopeho le mebala ea tsona e metle. .
Sebaka: Yucatán, Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Puebla, Michoacán, Morelos, State of Mexico, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Durango, Chihuahua, Sonora, Zacatecas, Baja California Sur le Tamaulipas.
Mofero oa Xerophilous
Moferefere oa xerophilous ke tikoloho e ngata ka ho fetisisa Rephaboliking ea rona, hobane ka lebaka la maemo a pula e tlase e renang libakeng tse ngata tsa rona, haholo leboea, tikoloho ena e ka theoa libakeng tse kholo. Ka linako tse ling e tsejoa e le lehoatata. Mofero oa xerophilous o na le limela tse nyane, tse entsoeng ka limela tse ikamahantseng le maemo a komello, joalo ka cacti, agave le lihlahla tse nyane tse nang le meutloa, tse e fang sebopeho se ikhethang. Leha e na le khaello ena, e na le mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo, joalo ka linoha, li-iguana, likokoanyana, li-arachnids, liphepheng, linonyana le mefuta e meng e mengata e khonang ho phela libakeng tse nang le metsi a manyane.
Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea mofero, ho latela limela tse hlaheletseng, joalo ka rosetophilic scrub, e laoloang ke magueys a libopeho le boholo bo fapaneng, kapa mofero moo cacti e atileng haholo, ho kenyeletsoa le litho tse kholo, tse nyolohelang leholimong ka boikhohomoso.
Sebaka: Oaxaca, Puebla, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Sonora, Baja California Sur le Baja California.
Lithaba
Mexico, makhulo a tsejoa e le zacatales. Li hlaha lipakeng tsa limithara tse 1100 le 2 500 kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle 'me li hola hoo e ka bang ka mehla tse katolohileng (ntle le li-zacatales tse teng matsoapong a lithaba tse kholo), eo limela tsa eona tse kaholimo li entsoeng ka limela tsa lelapa la joang , ke hore, joang, bo sebeletsang e le lijo tsa palo e kholo ea mefuta e jang limela, joalo ka likokoanyana, hares le litoeba, hara tse ling. E le molao o akaretsang, makhulo a lula libakeng tse nang pula e nyane kapa ka sehla se ommeng haholo, ka nako e le ngoe le tlelaemete e phodileng. Kaha libaka tsa joang li ka ba le mefuta e meng ea limela, joalo ka lihlahla, hangata li fosahetse ka hore ke lihlahla.
Sebaka: Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango le Chihuahua.
Bosques de EncinoMexico ke naha e ruileng haholo libakeng tse nang le lifate, 'me moru oa oak o emela karolo e kholo ea tse teng naheng ea rona. Tikoloho ena, e busoang ke lifate tsa eike kapa tsa oike, e na le bophahamo bo fapaneng, ka lifate tse pakeng tsa 3 kapa 4 m bophahamo ho isa ho mehlala e meholo ea 20 m. Moru oa oak oa Mexico o re hopotsa ka meru e meholo e futhumetseng ea Amerika Leboea, kaha lifate tsena li felloa ke makhasi sehleng se sa thabiseng, li penta ponahalo ea naha ka mebala e fapaneng ea mebala ea "hoetla", leha naheng ea rona tahlehelo ea makhasi e le teng. E sebetsa hantle mariha. Boholo ba lifate tsa eike li hlaha bophahamong bo lipakeng tsa limithara tse 1,500 le 2,800 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle, ka boemo ba leholimo bo fanang ka lipula tse ngata kapa ka tlase empa e le ka nako ea komello, e sa thibeleng lihlahla, boriba, boriba le ho phela ka morung. ho kenyelletsa limela tsa epiphytic tse kang furu le li-orchid. Liphoofolo li ngata haholo, li na le palo e kholo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, linonyana le lihahabi; Ntle le moo, mofuteng ona oa moru hangata ho na le melapo e mengata le matša a manyane a hlahisitseng libaka tse ngata tsa boikhathollo tsa botle bo le bong.
Sebaka: E fumaneha hohle Rephaboliking, ntle le literekeng tsa Yucatán, Quintana Roo le Campeche.
Moru oa Coniferous Joalokaha lebitso la oona le bontša, tikolohong ena ho na le lifate tse ikatisang ka likhou kapa "li-cones", joalo ka lifate tsa phaene, kedare, oyamele le junipere; Haholo-holo, lifate tsa phaene naheng ea rona li na le bohlokoa bo ikhethang, hobane haufinyane 40% ea mefuta e fapaneng ea lefatše ea lifate tsena tse fanang ka seatla se bulehileng e lula mona. Tlelaemete e futhumetseng ea hlokahala bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea eona, lipula ka nako e khethiloeng, hangata hlabula, tse etsang hore moru oa phaene o tsoakane le moru oa oak khafetsa, hobane ka bobeli li lula maemong a ts'oanang, leha ea pele e le teng e ka hlaha maemong a leholimo a batang.
Lifate tsa phaene ha li lumelle ho hola ha sehlahla se ngata haholo hobane makhasi a sona a etsa mobu o nang le asiti haholo, empa moru oa mofuta ona ke lehae la liphoofolo tse hlaha tse ngata, tse kenyeletsang liphoofolo tse anyesang tse kang mebutlanyana le litoeba, linonyana, lihahabi le mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo. Ntle ho pelaelo, moru oa phaene, 'me ka kakaretso moru oa li-coniferous, ke o mong oa tikoloho e khahlang ka ho fetesisa naheng ea rona ka lebaka la botle ba lifate tsa eona, monono oa liphoofolo tsa eona le monko o monate oa moea o phefumolohang moo.
Sebaka: E fumaneha hohle Rephaboliking, ntle le literekeng tsa Yucatán, Quintana Roo le Campeche.
Moru oa Mesophilic oa Thaba Mohlomong tikoloho ena ke e 'ngoe ea tse ntle ka ho fetisisa naheng. Ka lebaka la boholo ba lifate tsa eike le lifate tsa sweetgum - tse fihlang bophahamong bo ka fihlang ho 20 m-, le maemong a mongobo o sa feleng le lipula tse ngata hoo e ka bang selemo ho pota, hammoho le boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng, meru ea mesophyll e koahetsoe ka ho sa feleng ke bophelo: boriba, Mosses, litlama, lihlahla le palo e makatsang ea li-bromeliads, li-orchid le li-fern, ho tloha lipapaling tse nyane ho isa lifateng tse ntle tsa lifate tse 10 ho isa ho 12 m bophahamo. Ha e le liphoofolo tsa eona, morung ona re ka fumana mefuta eohle ea liphoofolo: linonyana tse mebala-bala, liphoofolo tse anyesang (li-hares, liphokojoe, li-squirrels), lihahabi le hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle ea liphoofolo. Mefuta ena eohle ea mefuta ea bophelo e etsa hore meru ea mesophilic ea thaba e be sebaka sa boloi lefatšeng.
Sebaka: Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo le San Luis Potosí.
Mangroves: Lifate tsa mangrove ke mofuta oa tikoloho e ka tlasa metsi e atlehang mabopong a matangoana a leoatle, likoung tse sirelelitsoeng le melomong ea linoka. Sefate sa mangrove ke semela se nang le patsi se hōlang metsing a sa tebang, 'me se ka ba bolelele ba 2 ho isa ho 20 m. Ha nako e ntse e ea, mangrove e ba meru ea 'nete e fanang ka maikutlo a ho phaphamala metsing, leha metso ea eona e tsitsitse ka thata botebong ba seretse. Li-mangrove ke setšabelo sa mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo, ho tloha ho liboko tse nyane le li-mollusk ho ea ho linonyana tse ntle, tse etsang hore mangrove e be tikoloho e ikhethang le e makatsang, haufi le paradeise ea lefats'e.
Sebaka: Li fumaneha mabopong ohle a Rephabliki, leha li sa tsoele pele.
Mekorale ea likorale
Mekoro e tsebahala ka mefuta-futa ea mefuta-futa ea limela; ha e le hantle, ke tikoloho ea metsing e nang le bongata le mefuta e mengata ea lintho tse phelang. Lefika ke sebopeho se khahlehang se koahetsoeng ke metsi, se entsoeng ke pokello ea calcium carbonate e etsoang ke limilione tsa liphoofolo tse nyane tse nyenyane haholo, likorale, 'me tsona li fana ka bolulo ho bolele bo bongata, sehokelo sa pele sehlareng sa lijo se tšehetsang kholo bongata ba dintho tse phelang. Ho qoela ka mafikeng a likorale ke boiphihlelo bo ke keng ba hloloa, kaha ka tšohanyetso u lika-likelitsoe ke litlhapi tse limillione, tse fapaneng ka bongata le mefuta e mengata ea bophelo e khabisang tikoloho ena e ntlehali.
Sebaka: Li fumaneha libakeng tsohle tse lebopong la leoatle, ntle le Baja California, Sinaloa le Sonora, leha ts'ebeliso ea tsona e sa tšoane.
