Batho ba mehleng ea khale ba Mexico ba ile ba hlahisa linotši tsa Maaborijene tsa mofuta oa Meliponas bakeng sa mahe a linotši le boka ba linotsi. Tlhahiso ea litepisi, likerese le likerese li hasane ka potlako, libakeng tsa baitlami le sechabeng.
Ho pholletsa le Viceroyalty ho ne ho e-na le melaoana e 'maloa bakeng sa mokhatlo oa mapolanka, moo bohloeki ba boka le mekhoa ea ho sebetsa e boletsoeng. Ea pele e ile ea fanoa ke Viceroy Martín Enríquez de Almanza ka 1574. Ba bang ba neng ba lebisitsoe likerese le likandelare ba ile ba laeloa ke Viceroy Luis de Velasco Jr., 'me hamorao, ke Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marqués de Guadalcázar le Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas , Palo ea Pele ea Revillagigedo.
Ho fihlela joale, likerese tsa boka ba linotši li entsoe ka letsoho ka tsela e latelang: likhoele, e leng likhoele tse teteaneng tsa k'hothone tsa boholo bo reriloeng esale pele, li fanyehiloe lebiling la liana le leketlileng siling. Boka, boo 'mala oa bona oa mantlha o leng mosehla, bo qhibilihisoa ka pane; haeba ho hlokahala likerese tse tšoeu, boka ba tsona bo pepesehela letsatsi; haeba ho hlokahala 'mala o mong, phofo ea aniline e eketsoa. Casserole e behiloe fatše mme ka mohope kapa nkho e nyane, boka ba metsi bo tšeloa holim'a khoele. Hang ha ho fetella ho tsoa, lebili le tsamaisoa ho hlatsoa khoele e latelang joalo-joalo. Ts'ebetso e phetoa makhetlo a mangata kamoo ho hlokahalang ho fihlela botenya bo hlokahalang bo fumanoa. Mokhoa o mong o kenyelletsa ho sotha lebili ho hlatsoa khoele ka kotloloho boka ba boka.
Litoche tse neng li sebelisoa ho bonesa Mexico pele ho Sepanishe li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke likerese. Elisa Vargas Lugo o pheta "Mekete ea ho hlonepha Rosa de Lima", e etsahetseng Mexico ka 1668, eo ho eona ho ileng ha hahoa mekhahlelo e meholo e etselitsoeng matlo a thapelo, lirapa le likamore. Sebopeho se ne se bonesitsoe ka: likhalase tsa oli tse makholo a mararo, mabokose a malelele a lekholo, likerese tse lekholo le lilepe tse likhoele tse 'ne tsa likhoele tse leshome le metso e' meli. Tse ka lehlakoreng le ka pele ke likandelare tsa silevera tse hlano tse nang le likerese tse lekholo le mashome a mabeli (likerese ke likerese tse tšoeu tsa boka).
Leha ho le joalo, karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa ea litebele le likerese e fumaneha ka har'a moralo oa bolumeli: mokoloko o ke ke oa emoloa ntle le hore monkakarolo e mong le e mong a tšoere kerese e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta, kapa posadas ea Keresemese e ke ke ea etsoa - moetlo o boletsoeng ke Antonio García Cubas ho Ia halofo ea pele ea lekholo la lilemo - ntle le likerese tsa moetlo.
Nakong ea mekete ea bafu (la 1 le la 2 Pulungoana), likerese tse likete li bonesa balateli ho pholletsa le naha, mots'ehare kapa bosiu, ho amohela ka seriti meea ea mofu e tlang ho etela, le ho e bonesetsa fumana tsela ea hau habonolo. Li tumme bosiu li boneselitsoe Janitzio, Michoacán le Mízquic, Seterekeng sa Federal, empa li boetse li sebelisoa metseng e meng e mengata.
Lithabeng tsa Chiapas, ho entsoe likerese tse tšesaane, tse bopehileng hantle le tse nang le polychrome, tseo batho ba Chiapas ba etsang mangata (a hlophisitsoeng ka 'mala) ao, a rekisoang a leketlileng marulelong a mabenkele. Mokatong oa likereke li ka bonoa li bonesitsoe mme li hlophisitsoe ka mela, li bonesa sefahleho sa matsoalloa a li fang mohalaleli oa boinehelo ba bona.
O rapela ka lentsoe le phahameng mme khafetsa o khalemela motho ea halalelang ka ho se mo fe mohau o molelele, leha a mo file likerese tse ngata makhetlo a mangata.
Liketsahalong tsa selemo le selemo tsa litoropo tse ling tse lebopong le lenyane la Guerrero le Oaxaca, baeti ba ea kerekeng ba tšoere likerese le sehlopha sa lipalesa, tseo ba li behang aletareng kamora ho rapela. Litsebi tse ikemiselitseng ho hloekisa batho bohle ba li kopang li sebelisa likerese le lipalesa.
Likerese li bohlokoa haholo hoo e batlang e le lipholiso tsohle le litšebeletso tsa poelano moo ho sebelisoang likarolo tse fapaneng, tse ling tsa ts'ebeliso ea lehae, joalo ka lipalo tsa letsopa (Metepec, State of Mexico, le Tlayacapan, Morelos, hara tse ling) kapa ho khaola pampiri. (San Pablito, Puebla).
Likarolo tse ling tse akaretsang ke boranti, li-cigar, litlama tse itseng 'me, ka linako tse ling, ke lijo, leha likerese tse bonesitsoeng tse fanang ka tlhompho tikolohong li sa hlokehe le ka mohla.
Hammoho le linotši tse ncha le tlhahiso ea likerese, mokhoa oa boka ba linotsi o tlotsitsoeng o ile oa tla Mexico, oo lintho tse ratoang haholo li etsoang ho fihlela joale. Ka kakaretso, ke likerese kapa litepa tse khabisitsoeng haholo ka lipalo tse fapaneng - haholo lipalesa - tse sebelisoang ke baithaopi e le linyehelo likerekeng.
Mokhoa ona o entsoe ka ho etsa (ka letsopa kapa hlobo ea lehong) likarolo tse tšesaane haholo tsa boka, ka linako tse ling ka mebala e khanyang. Ho etsa mefuta e koetsoeng (joalo ka litholoana, linonyana le mangeloi), ho sebelisoa mefuta e 'meli e hoketsoeng,' me lehlakoreng le sekoti le entsoe ka boomo, li tlatsoa ka boka ba metsi, 'me hang-hang li phunyeletsoa ka sekoting hore boka ba tsona bo ajoe ka ho lekana, ho etsa mokato o le mong o hokeletsoeng maboteng a hlobo. Kamora moo, e ineloa ka metsing a batang mme, hang ha boka bo se bo kentse, likarolo tse peli tsa eona lia arohana. Bakeng sa lipalo "tse bonolo", ho sebelisoa hlobo e le 'ngoe ea boholo le sebopeho se loketseng.
Lipalesa li entsoe ka hlobo e nang le mehele (e nang le molikoalikoane kapa hemispherical), e nang le li-grooves tsa ho beha likarolo tsa lipalesa. Li ineloa makhetlo a 'maloa ka boka ba metsi, li kenngoe ka metsing a batang ebe sebopeho se a arohana, moelelo o bontšitsoeng ka sekotjana o sehiloe ka sekere ebe o etsisoa ka letsoho ho fana ka sepheo se lakatsehang. Ka linako tse ling likotoana tsena li khomaretse ka kotloloho kerese kapa kerese, 'me tse ling li lokisoa ka mehala. Mekhabiso ea hoqetela ke pampiri e benyang, china le lekhasi la khauta.
Seterekeng sa San Luis Potosí, ho etsoa lifilakha tsa boka ba 'nete, ho sebelisoa hlobo e bataletseng ea lepolanka e ts'oanang hantle le e sebelisetsoang ho ngola. Mefuta e fapana ho ea ka sechaba: Río Verde ho sebelisoa meaho e menyenyane ea meralo (likereke, lialetare, jj.); ho Santa Maria deI Río ho sebelisoa feela boka ba bosoeu, 'me lipoleiti tsa filigree li kopantsoe le likhahla tsa lipalesa tse khomaretsoeng liforeimeng tse phuthetsoeng ka pampiri ea crepe, ka kerese e le' ngoe kapa ho feta bohareng; ka Mezquitic libopeho lia tšoana, empa ho sebelisoa boka ba mebala-bala. Maemong ohle, ke mesebetsi e meholo e behiloeng holim'a literei le lehloa le mokoloko ho kereke. Tloaelo ea ho fana ka lialetare le li-rafts seterekeng sa San Luis Potosí ke ea khale haholo, ho tloha bonyane mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo: ka 1833, Moemedi oa Santiago deI Río, Fray Clemente Luna, o ile a hlophisa maeto a lipalesa tse lipalesa. , e nang le leeto la literata le qetileng ka ho haneloa ha tempele.
Tlacolula, Teotitlán le litoropong tse ling tse Phuleng ea Oaxaca, likerese li khabisitsoe haholo ka lipalesa, litholoana, linonyana le lengeloi le khabisa bokahare ba likereke. Ho fihlela morao tjena, ho kopa letsoho la ngoanana, monyali le beng ka eena ba ne ba tloaetse ho tlisetsa lelapa la monyaluoa bohobe, lipalesa le kerese e khabisitsoeng.
Michoacán ke naha e 'ngoe moo moetlo oa boka ba linotsi o holang, oo likerekeng tsa' ona, nakong ea mekete, o ka khahlang likerese tse nang le likhahla tse kholo tsa lipalesa tsa boka. Ho Ocumicho, li-arches tsa boka ba bokae li kentse litšoantšo tsa bahalaleli tse tsamaisoang ho potoloha mong'a kereke, hammoho le litepa tse khabisitsoeng hantle. Moketeng oa Patamban, seterata se seholo se khabisitsoe ka moseme o molelele haholo: ho tloha karolong e ngoe ho isa ho e 'ngoe e entsoeng ka linkhoana tse nyane - Patamban ke toropo ea lipitsa - lipalesa, poone, kapa maemong a mangata ho beoa boka ba boka. . Batho ba sebetsa ho tloha mafube ho khabisa seterata sa bona, seo kamoso mokoloko o tla feta o senyang botle bohle ba nakoana.
Ho baahi ba Totonac le Nahua ba Sierra de Puebla, liseile li fumana bohlokoa bo ikhethang. Mokhabiso oa eona o na le li-disc le mabili a phahamisitsoeng likerese, a khabisitsoeng ka li-premieres, lipalesa le lipalo tse ling. Bakeng sa moketjana o mong le o mong ho na le moqhatsetsi ea ikarabellang ho a faneng ka kereke, mme ke ka tlung ea hae moo banna ba sebaka seo ba kopanang teng: libini tse 'maloa li letsa liletsa tse likhoele' me motho e mong le e mong ea teng o fuoa seno, kamora moo e mong le e mong o nka kerese. (tse behiloeng ka mela) ho, li felehelitsoe ke lihlopha tsohle tsa bashebelli ba bapalang moketjaneng, ba ea mokolokong oa kereke, ba jere Mohalaleli oa sebaka seo mahetleng a bona. Mokoloko o emisa nako le nako ha bahiri ba ntlo ba fana ka lijo le lipalesa ho Mohalaleli. Ha ba fihla kerekeng, motho e mong le e mong oa rapela mme likerese li beoa aletareng.
Ho na le libaka tse ling tse ngata Mexico moo ho sebelisoang boka ba linotsi, mohlala San Cristóbal de Ias Casas, Chiapas; San Martín Texmelucan, Puebla; Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala; Ixtlán deI Río, Nayarit, le tse ling tse ngata. Litepa tse kholo, tse atisang ho khabisoa ka lipalo tse sehiloeng pampiring e benyang kapa metako e takiloeng, hangata li etsoa mabenkeleng a khethehileng a likerese a li abelang naha ka bophara.
Kerese le boka bo benyang, likarolo tsa nakoana tse chesitsoeng ka mollo, li fana ka moea oa khanya le khanya ho mekete ea bolumeli ea sechaba le ea lelapa, ka nako e ts'oanang le hore ke lintho tsa moetlo tse bohlokoa haholo bophelong ba Mexico, bobeli ba matsoalloa le matsoalloa. joalo ka mestizo.
