Ho haptjoa ha Oaxaca e ne e le khotso, kaha marena a Zapotec le a Mixtec a ne a nahana hore a tla fumana ho balekane ba Europe bao ba a hlokang ho hlola Maaztec.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lihlopha tse ling tse kang Ma-Zapotec a Sierra, Chontales mme haholo-holo Mamepe a hanne mme a etsa tatellano ea borabele. Ha ba hlōla 'me ba ntse ba le teng lekholong la bo16 la lilemo, Masepanishe a ile a amoha matsoalloa a linaha tsa' ona, a tiisa ketso ena ka li-encomiendas, mercedes le likarohano tse fanoeng ke morena, ka hona a hlalosa, ho tloha qalong ea tlholo ea Spain, ho se leka-lekane le ho se lekane ho neng ho tla ba teng lipakeng tsa sechaba sa Spain le matsoalloa a moo.
Tlhekefetso ea bo-ralikolone e ne e le ngata hoo karolo e ntle ea mosebetsi o neng o etsoa ke Audiencias le Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza e ne e reretsoe ho fokotsa matla a Marquis oa Valle de Oaxaca, Hernán Cortés le a encomenderos. Kahoo ba etsa tlhahiso ea ho matlafatsa borena ba borena ke ka hona Melao e Mecha (1542) e ileng ea phatlalatsoa mme ha theoa tsamaiso e rarahaneng. Mosebetsi oa boevangeli sebakeng sa Mixtec le Zapotec e ne e le mosebetsi oa taelo ea Dominican ea hahileng, ka mesebetsi ea matsoalloa, likereke tse hlomphehang le libaka tsa baitlami libakeng tseo litsi tse kholo li neng li le ho tsona, joalo ka Toropo ea Antequera, Yanhuitián le Cuilapan. .
Tlhōlo ea moea e ne e le matla le e mabifi ho feta ea sesole. Ho boloka taolo ea sechaba, bahloli ba ile ba boloka, ka liphetoho, likarolo tse ling tsa matsoalloa ka tsela eo ba bang ba marena a Phula ea Oaxaca le Mixteca Alta ba atlehileng ho boloka litokelo le thepa ea khale; Sebakeng seo, ho fetolela batho ba Amerika Bokresteng, baromuoa ba ile ba leka ka matla ho felisa mesaletsa efe kapa efe ea bolumeli ba lefatše la pele ho Sepanishe.
Leha palo ea baahi e fokotsehile, e bakiloe ke mafu a seoa le tšoaro e mpe, lekholo la bo16 la lilemo e bile le leng la kholo ea moruo ka lebaka la ho hlahisoa ha mahlale a macha, lijalo le mefuta. Ka mohlala, ho Mixteca, ho fumanoe phaello e ntle ka tšebeliso ea liboko tsa silika, likhomo le koro. Nts'etsopele ea mmaraka oa toropo le merafo li kentse letsoho kholisong ena.
Leha ho le joalo, nala ena e ile ea sitisoa ke mathata ao merafo o tobaneng le ona ho tloha ka 1590. Khoebo lipakeng tsa Seville le Amerika e ile ea fokotseha mme phokotseho ea baahi ea baka ts'ebeliso ea litoropo mme basebetsi ba fokotsoa hore e be poleloana e nyane.
Lekholong la leshome le metso e supileng la lilemo, la khatello ea moruo e ne e le ha likarolo tsa bokoloni li hlalosoa, leano la ho busa le ile la kopanngoa, mme mekhoa ea moruo o itšetlehileng ka eona e ile ea theoa. Ts'ebeliso ea morero o ikemetseng le o bohareng oa khoebo o sitisitse nts'etsopele ea moruo oa tikoloho, ea baka libaka tse ruileng joalo ka Phula ea Oaxaca ho tataisetsa moruo oa bona ho iphelisa le ha bohlokoa ba tlhahiso le khoebo ea cocoa, indigo le cochineal. .
Se ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la leshome le metso e supileng la lilemo, moruo oa New Spain o ile oa qala ho ntlafala: tlhahiso ea merafo e ne e na le sekhahla, khoebo le Amerika Bohareng le Peru e ile ea lumelloa hape, mme baahi ba moo ba qala ho hlaphoheloa. Nakong ena, Masepanishe a lulang Mixteca le Phuleng ea Oaxaca ba inehetse ho rueng likhomo ka bongata bo boholo mme li-haciendas li atlehile ho kopanya tlhahiso ea koro le poone le ho rua likhomo. Moruo oa bokolone o ile oa hlophisoa bocha lipakeng tsa 1660 le 1692, o rala metheo ea lekholo la Leseli.
New Spain ea hola ebile ea atleha Mehleng ea Leseli. Sebaka sena se imena habeli, palo ea baahi e imena habeli, mme boleng ba tlhahiso ea moruo bo habeli. Mohlala o motle ka ho fetisisa oa tsoelo-pele ena o bonoa merafong, e leng karolo e bohareng ea moruo eo, ha e ntse e le lekhoba, e tlohileng ho sebetsa peso tse 3,300,000 ka 1670 ho isa 27,000,000 ka 1804.
Bokhabane ba New Spain bo bonahala mesebetsing e matla ea kaho le ho khaphatseha botle ba Baroque, ke nakong eo ha ba le Antequera, har'a tse ling, Chapel ea Rosary ea Kereke ea Santo Domingo, Kereke ea Soledad, San Agustín le Consolación.
Lekholong la bo18 la lilemo e ne e le lekholo la lilemo la ntlafatso ea lipolotiki le moruo e entsoeng ke marena a Bourbon.
Ka 1800, Mexico e ne e fetohile naha ea leruo le sa tloaelehang empa hape le bofuma bo fetelletseng, boholo ba sechaba bo ne bo khomaretse haciendas le komisi, ba ile ba tšoaroa hampe libakeng tsa mosebetsi, ba etsoa makhoba merafong le litsing, ntle le tokoloho, ntle le chelete. mme ntle le monyetla oa ho ntlafatsa.
Masepanishe a hlonephileng a ne a laola matla a lipolotiki le moruo; Maemo a joalo a ho se lekane sechabeng, moruo le lipolotiki a bokelletse tsitsipano le ho se khotsofale. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litlamorao tsa liketsahalo tse joalo ka Phetohelo ea Fora, boipuso ba United States le Phetohelo ea Liindasteri ea Senyesemane li tsukutla matsoalo a Amerika mme mohopolo oa Boipuso ba New Spain o qala ho hlaha ho li-Creole.
